Abstract: The notion of the “Church of the Poor” is oftentimes assumed to be simply based on the Vatican II ecclesiology. To clarify this presumption, this paper attempts to revisit the expression “Church of the Poor” in the context of its conciliar and postconciliar developments, especially in the Philippine Church. This paper also clarifies the conciliar meaning of the church of the poor in contrast with the Third World perspective on the preferential option for the poor. Furthermore, this paper attempts to expand the meaning of “the poor” in light of the new insights offered by social and ecological sciences. Doing so opens the way for the idea that the poor is an analogous notion which may refer to the economically poor, the racially oppressed, the sexually discriminated, and the ecologically poor. This paper argues that these human and ecological faces of poverty have to be creatively included in understanding the meaning of the church of the poor.